The+Nature+of+Chemistry

**Chemistry** is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and of changes (transformations) that occur in matter.


 * Matter** is the building block material of the universe. It is anything that takes up space and has mass.

1. structure and behavior of atoms. 2. composition and properties of compounds. 3. reactions between substances with their accompanying energy exchange; and 4. The laws that unite these phenomena into a comprehensive system.
 * Chemistry is a basic science whose central concerns are:**

A substance produced by or used in a chemical process. Webster's II
 * What is a chemical? **

A substance (such as an acid, alkali, salt, synthetic organic compound) produced by or used in a chemical process or used for producing a chemical effect. May 9, 1994, C&EN, p. 3

**1. Chemical Formula** C12H22O11
 * Chemicals can be represented (symbolized) by: **
 * 2. Structural Formula **





a -D-Fructofuranosyl- b -D-glucopyranoside
 * 3. Nomenclature** (systematic name)

Saccharose Sucrose Table sugar
 * 4. Common Names**



**PA Academic State Standard:** • Know that atoms are composed of even smaller sub-atomic structures whose properties are measurable. • Explain the repeating pattern of chemical properties by using the repeating patterns of atomic structure within the periodic table. • Predict the behavior of gases through the use of Boyle’s, Charles’ or the ideal gas law, in everyday situations. • Describe phases of matter according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory. • Explain the formation of compounds and their resulting properties using bonding theories (ionic and covalent). • Apply rules of systematic nomenclature and formula writing to chemical substances. • Classify and describe, in equation form, types of chemical and nuclear reactions. • Explain how radioactive isotopes that are subject to decay can be used to estimate the age of materials. • Explain how the forces that bind solids, liquids and gases affect their properties. • Characterize and identify important classes of compounds (e.g., acids, bases, salts).
 * 3.4.10. GRADE 10-->**Explain concepts about the structure and properties of matter.
 * 3.4.12. GRADE 12-->**Apply concepts about the structure and properties of matter.